Debates are an important part of a democratic election process. They help voters to compare the main orientations and manifestos of the different figures and to learn more about them. They also promote pluralism of opinion and expression.
Debate formats have evolved since debates first emerged in the 1960s as a way to address issues of national interest. The Commission on Presidential Debates (CPD) was established to oversee these debates, which take place during a campaign and are primarily broadcast over network television. The CPD has also provided advice to sponsors of non-presidential debates at the gubernatorial, congressional, mayoral, state legislative and city council levels.
While debates have been useful tools for presenting candidates’ positions and platforms, they are not as effective at informing voters about the issues facing America as they once were. With political polarization increasing, debates are less able to promote constructive discussion or foster a deeper understanding of complex issues. They can also devolve into personal attacks, and many voters are turned off by the rhetoric.
Several scholars have suggested that debate formats need to be improved. One proposal is to include more cross-examination of the candidates, opening and closing statements, and a larger number of issues in each debate. Another is to allow for a more flexible question-asking process, including submissions from the public and a broader group of experts (e.g., the directors of major public libraries and universities, a range of academics or specialists). This would ensure that all sides have the opportunity to present their positions to the public, and make debates more meaningful for viewers.