Diplomacy involves structured interactions between states on the global stage, often centered around negotiation. This field of study draws on a wide range of disciplines to understand the intricacies of international affairs. Political science offers the framework of state behavior and global systems; history reveals patterns of conflict and cooperation; law defines diplomatic norms; and economics sheds light on the material interests that shape negotiations. Sociology and anthropology offer tools to understand cultural differences in communication and negotiation styles, while psychology and behavioral science illuminate the decision-making processes of negotiators.
Successful diplomacy depends on building and maintaining relationships that will serve one’s interests in the long term. This is particularly true when negotiating complex issues like nuclear disarmament, global climate change or pandemic preparedness. Diplomats also must often build trust with their opposite numbers, even if they do not always agree with the other side’s viewpoint or tactics.
The work of a diplomat is not limited to formal meetings between government representatives; they must also cultivate informal relations with foreign citizens and organizations through social events, sports, sight-seeing and other non-diplomatic activities. They must also comply with the laws of their host country in order to avoid compromising their status as a diplomat, which can result in severe disciplinary action by their home countries should they be found guilty of breaking local laws.
Great diplomats know that every interaction is a potential diplomatic opportunity. They turn dinner parties, cocktail receptions and even casual conversations into useful discussions on important policy issues. They listen carefully to what their foreign counterparts say, knowing the points they must raise and when. And they never stop negotiating.